TXT In plain English
Company description
ZELLIS UK LIMITED is a UK company whose Companies House status is “Active” and whose registered company type is “Private Limited Company”. Incorporated on 25 September 1981; registered for 45 years; registered office reported in BRISTOL, ENGLAND. Its primary declared activity is 58290 · Other software publishing, with 1 additional SIC activity reported.
This BritDB profile also contains linked public records: 2 PSC records, 32 procurement records. This description is assembled from public data, is not a reliability assessment, and should be checked against the cited sources before a legally significant decision.
Web facts are never added from a name match alone. Internet enrichment requires the exact Companies House ID in Wikidata, and ambiguous results are excluded.
01 Company overview
Identity and registration
- Official name
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Company number
- 01587537
- Company type
- Private Limited Company
- Status
- Active
- Country of origin
- United Kingdom
- Dissolution date
- Not supplied
- Accounts category
- FULL
- Mortgage charges
- 20 total · 1 outstanding · 19 satisfied
- Limited partnership members
- 0 general · 0 limited
A registered office is not necessarily a trading location. The address is reproduced from the Companies House bulk record and should be interpreted in that legal context.
02 Filing dates
Accounts and statements
Last accounts made up to
30 April 2025Next accounts due
31 January 2027Last statement made up to
1 June 2026Next statement due
15 June 2027BritDB does not infer overdue status when the source does not state it.
03 Workforce reporting
Gender pay gap
- Median bonus gap
- 0.0%
- Mean bonus gap
- 32.8%
- Women receiving bonus
- 94.2%
- Men receiving bonus
- 89.2%
- Women in top quartile
- 37.1%
- Women in upper middle quartile
- 38.2%
- Women in lower middle quartile
- 43.5%
- Women in lower quartile
- 58.1%
Earlier reporting years (8)
- 500 to 99915.3% median hourly gap
- 500 to 99918.7% median hourly gap
- 500 to 99924.9% median hourly gap
- 1000 to 499922.0% median hourly gap
- 1000 to 499925.8% median hourly gap
- 1000 to 499927.6% median hourly gap
- 1000 to 499932.3% median hourly gap
- 1000 to 499936.1% median hourly gap
Positive gaps mean men were paid more; negative gaps mean women were paid more. These figures are employer-reported and describe the workforce distribution, not equal pay for the same job. The company link uses the exact Companies House number supplied by the service.
04 Supplier payments
Payment practices and performance
- Reporting period
- 1 November 2025 – 30 April 2026
- Filed
- 29 May 2026
- Shortest standard term
- 30 days
- Longest standard term
- 60 days
- E-invoicing offered
- No
- Supply-chain finance
- Not offered
- Payment codes
- No
- Construction retentions
- No qualifying construction contracts
Complete reported payment fields
- Policy regime
- Regime-3
- Financial period started
- 1 November 2025
- Qualifying contracts
- Yes
- Payments made
- Yes
- Invoice value paid within 30 days
- £20,560,281
- Invoice value paid in 31–60 days
- £2,741,230
- Invoice value paid after 60 days
- £53,088
- Invoice value paid outside agreed terms
- £8,804,834
- Invoices paid in 31–60 days
- 12.0%
- Invoices unpaid due to dispute
- 0.0%
- Maximum contractual payment period
- 60 days
- Supplier-list charging policy
- No
- Supplier-list charges made
- No
Reported terms and dispute process
- Standard payment terms
The following is the standard process to support Zellis UK LTD payment terms: -
• An approved PO number should be quoted on the invoice
• Invoices must be addressed to the Company as specified in the Purchase Order
• Invoices should be delivered to the address as specified in the Purchase Order
• Normally, payment period is 60 days unless otherwise agreed with the supplier. - Dispute resolution process
Business process for resolving complaints and disputes: The vendors can raise their queries or complaints using any one of the following:
• Email the queries/ complaints to accountspayable@zellis.com and the same will be attended within 24 business hours.
• Vendors can also reach out to our helpdesk @ 44 (20) 39863038. If the query/complaint requires further investigation the same will be referred to the appropriate department for further action.
Earlier payment reports (11 shown)
- 14.0 average days to pay20.0% outside terms
- 23.0 average days to pay30.0% outside terms
- 20.0 average days to pay22.0% outside terms
- 22.0 average days to pay23.0% outside terms
- 21.0 average days to pay11.0% outside terms
- 22.0 average days to pay10.0% outside terms
- 13.0 average days to pay12.0% outside terms
- 18.0 average days to pay26.0% outside terms
- Average time not suppliedLate-payment rate not supplied
- 21.0 average days to pay36.0% outside terms
- 29.0 average days to pay32.0% outside terms
This is a company-submitted statutory disclosure, not a credit rating. BritDB preserves the reporting period and links the report only through the Companies House number supplied by the official service. Percentages describe payments made during that period and may change in later reports.
05 Supply-chain transparency
Modern slavery statement
- Organisation
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Group submission
- Yes
- Parent organisation
- ZELLIS HOLDINGS LIMITED
- Statement period
- 1 May 2025 – 30 April 2026
- Approved
- 30 September 2026
- Sectors
- Financial, insurance and real estate activities Information technology and telecommunication Professional and administrative services and supplies, including legal, consulting and accounting services
Organisation structure
Covered in the statement
Policies
Covered in the statement
Risk assessment
Covered in the statement
Due diligence
Covered in the statement
Training
Covered in the statement
Goals and KPIs
Not reported as covered
Full statement information supplied to the registry
- Reported turnover band
- £100 million to £500 million
- Years producing statements
- More than 5 years
- ILO indicators included
- Not answered
- Registry record updated
- 1 October 2026
Policies described
Freedom of workers to terminate employment Freedom of movement Freedom of association Prohibits any threat of violence, harassment and intimidation Prohibits the use of worker-paid recruitment fees Prohibits compulsory overtime Prohibits child labour Prohibits discrimination Prohibits confiscation of workers' original identification documents
Training described
Your whole organisation
Worker engagement and working conditions
Your suppliers Workers within your organisation
Grievance mechanisms
Using anonymous whistleblowing services, such as a helpline or mobile phone app
Earlier linked statements (1)
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED6 August 2021
A registry entry records what the organisation declared in its statement. It is not an independent audit. Group statements can cover several companies; BritDB preserves each exact source-supplied company-number link and excludes approver names and email addresses.
06 Data protection
ICO fee-payer registration
Zellis UK Limited
Registration Z6810325
- Registered from
- 1 July 2002
- Current end date
- 30 June 2027
This is a candidate association, not an official Companies House link. The ICO file supplies no company number. The organisation name and postcode uniquely matched this company in the current snapshot. BritDB excludes all DPO contact fields and does not publish unmatched personal entries.
07 Public procurement
Contracts Finder awards
HR and Payroll System
Bedford Borough Council · ocds-b5fd17-226b07ea-df28-4408-8111-687af7d6f908
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd
- Award value
- £1,192,580
- Contract period
- 1 January 2027 – 31 December 2029
- Published
- 9 June 2026
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 79211110
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-226b07ea-df28-4408-8111-687af7d6f908-2026-06-09T16:06:43+01:00
Zellis HR & Payroll Edition
Government Actuary's Department · ocds-b5fd17-f93f1916-c8d7-467b-ad34-2dd58fed569e
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Limited
- Award value
- £186,820
- Contract period
- 21 May 2026 – 20 May 2029
- Published
- 12 June 2026
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48100000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-f93f1916-c8d7-467b-ad34-2dd58fed569e-2026-06-12T17:43:31+01:00
HR & Payroll Software Solution for GYBC
Suffolk Coastal District Council and Waveney District Council · ocds-b5fd17-bcf262d8-ce0f-4cae-ad4d-2bbaacfc9194
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd
- Award value
- £306,684
- Contract period
- 24 April 2026 – 18 April 2028
- Published
- 24 April 2026
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48100000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-bcf262d8-ce0f-4cae-ad4d-2bbaacfc9194-2026-04-24T14:42:31+01:00
PRN004313 - DBS Checks
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICE · ocds-b5fd17-3a20689e-6a4b-4d95-91a4-2765e88ef3db
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Limited
- Award value
- £36,120
- Contract period
- 3 February 2025 – 2 February 2028
- Published
- 18 February 2025
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 98110000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-3a20689e-6a4b-4d95-91a4-2765e88ef3db-2025-02-18T13:33:27Z
Payroll and HR SaaS Solution
University of Lincoln · ocds-b5fd17-ef239219-dc82-4126-8ea0-d7883bb13255
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Limited
- Award value
- £6,117,152
- Contract period
- 1 April 2025 – 31 March 2028
- Published
- 14 February 2025
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48450000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-ef239219-dc82-4126-8ea0-d7883bb13255-2025-02-14T09:58:53Z
Job Evaluation & Pay Modeler
Police, Fire & Crime Commissioner for Staffordshire · ocds-b5fd17-e822ecda-186d-44c5-a6ab-0b649c8fda60
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd (Formerly Nga)
- Award value
- £53,070
- Contract period
- 21 March 2025 – 20 March 2028
- Published
- 7 November 2024
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48450000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-e822ecda-186d-44c5-a6ab-0b649c8fda60-2024-11-07T12:13:11Z
Human Resources & Payroll solution
SOUTHERN HOUSING · ocds-b5fd17-80bd9542-fbbf-4a80-8b38-224e282d3914
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £460,440
- Contract period
- 1 May 2025 – 30 April 2028
- Published
- 20 August 2025
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 79211110
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-80bd9542-fbbf-4a80-8b38-224e282d3914-2025-08-20T11:27:01+01:00
HR & PAYROLL SYSTYEM
University of Cumbria · ocds-b5fd17-0eb310dc-bfac-4cfe-a9e4-e579be931ce5
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd
- Award value
- £366,516
- Contract period
- 1 August 2024 – 31 July 2027
- Published
- 17 April 2024
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-0eb310dc-bfac-4cfe-a9e4-e579be931ce5-2024-04-17T13:45:47+01:00
HCM Payroll/HR System
Torbay Council · ocds-b5fd17-1d42e871-e93d-40d0-9b81-06d0565c87cb
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Limited
- Award value
- £523,295.04
- Contract period
- 1 May 2024 – 30 April 2027
- Published
- 23 May 2024
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-1d42e871-e93d-40d0-9b81-06d0565c87cb-2024-05-23T12:34:50+01:00
Consultancy Services Agreement
University of Cumbria · ocds-b5fd17-ebf1b66c-f4d6-42f2-bcc1-26fdcddc9745
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd
- Award value
- £41,000
- Contract period
- 1 August 2024 – 1 August 2025
- Published
- 17 April 2024
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-ebf1b66c-f4d6-42f2-bcc1-26fdcddc9745-2024-04-17T13:52:39+01:00
HCM Payroll
BROMFORD HOUSING GROUP LIMITED · ocds-b5fd17-0cc73109-d59d-4ef1-9621-e37cb6f67d3c
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £374,722
- Contract period
- 5 March 2024 – 4 March 2027
- Published
- 19 August 2024
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-0cc73109-d59d-4ef1-9621-e37cb6f67d3c-2024-08-19T14:08:20+01:00
US_22278 HR System Renewal
UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX(THE) · ocds-b5fd17-c90671ae-a734-462b-90e0-8f72569bf810
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £995,154
- Contract period
- 1 October 2023 – 30 September 2026
- Published
- 29 August 2023
- Procedure
- Other - Direct award
- Main CPV
- 79631000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-c90671ae-a734-462b-90e0-8f72569bf810-2023-08-29T11:21:04+01:00
HR & Payroll Integrated System
Durham County Council · ocds-b5fd17-99b9cc7f-6e03-4679-b024-f8651a6ca382
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £4,745,064.24
- Contract period
- 1 April 2023 – 31 March 2030
- Published
- 30 May 2023
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48450000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-99b9cc7f-6e03-4679-b024-f8651a6ca382-2023-05-30T15:23:18+01:00
HR and Payroll Solution
South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service · ocds-b5fd17-d7413345-5a10-4773-9d97-f3f700325e84
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Ltd
- Award value
- £125,303
- Contract period
- 1 April 2022 – 31 March 2026
- Published
- 5 April 2022
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-d7413345-5a10-4773-9d97-f3f700325e84-2022-04-05T14:03:04+01:00
Job Evaluation and Pay Modler
Staffordshire Police · ocds-b5fd17-81db7898-7c2e-47ad-aa6d-42244710e750
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £39,135
- Contract period
- 21 March 2022 – 20 March 2025
- Published
- 23 March 2022
- Procedure
- Other - waiver
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-81db7898-7c2e-47ad-aa6d-42244710e750-2022-03-23T10:34:26Z
Provision of an HR & Payroll System
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON · ocds-b5fd17-cab45e4a-47d7-42e8-8017-39167f085fc3
- Supplier named in award
- Zellis UK Limited
- Award value
- £858,728
- Contract period
- 10 January 2022 – 9 February 2028
- Published
- 4 May 2021
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48450000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-cab45e4a-47d7-42e8-8017-39167f085fc3-2021-05-04T09:30:27+01:00
7F-2021-I030 Empower Read Only Licence for Bedfordshire Police
Norfolk Constabulary · ocds-b5fd17-df50b6f6-7367-4c39-9593-8c0fe38323b9
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £19,000
- Contract period
- 1 May 2021 – 31 May 2022
- Published
- 16 April 2021
- Procedure
- Single tender action (below threshold)
- Main CPV
- 48400000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-df50b6f6-7367-4c39-9593-8c0fe38323b9-2021-04-16T11:25:24+01:00
People Systems Enhancements
OPTIVO · ocds-b5fd17-32435574-12f7-4916-98a4-ca29c78ebb51
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £42,295
- Contract period
- 1 May 2021 – 30 April 2025
- Published
- 18 June 2021
- Procedure
- Single tender action (below threshold)
- Main CPV
- 48450000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-32435574-12f7-4916-98a4-ca29c78ebb51-2021-06-18T07:14:15+01:00
Resourcelink - SaaS License & Support
Thames Valley Police · ocds-b5fd17-056afc1c-4a65-4249-9ba4-f9032bb24426
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £62,526
- Contract period
- 21 June 2020 – 21 June 2023
- Published
- 24 August 2020
- Procedure
- Single tender action (below threshold)
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-056afc1c-4a65-4249-9ba4-f9032bb24426-2020-08-24T11:19:39+01:00
Computer Software Purchase
UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM (THE) · ocds-b5fd17-2aa6f607-0253-450b-86d6-824efedf99ab
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £120,176.86
- Contract period
- 31 July 2019 – 2 August 2019
- Published
- 10 June 2020
- Procedure
- Single tender action (below threshold)
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-2aa6f607-0253-450b-86d6-824efedf99ab-2020-06-10T08:57:01+01:00
Contract Variation for Corporate Software Solutions
Crown Commercial Service · ocds-b5fd17-e50b77a6-0a3d-410e-8123-9002fd8fd614
- Supplier named in award
- NORTHGATEARINSO UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £750,000,000
- Contract period
- 6 October 2014 – 31 March 2019
- Published
- 18 July 2018
- Procedure
- Other - Variation to Contract
- Main CPV
- 72263000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-e50b77a6-0a3d-410e-8123-9002fd8fd614-2018-07-18T14:30:34+01:00
ICT SW Licence & Support: Payroll and HR
Torbay Council · ocds-b5fd17-d07a4dbf-9a41-4893-868e-23b452d8a89c
- Supplier named in award
- ZELLIS UK LIMITED
- Award value
- £994,800
- Contract period
- 14 January 2011 – 13 January 2036
- Published
- 11 July 2022
- Procedure
- Call-off from a framework agreement
- Main CPV
- 48000000
- Source release ID
- ocds-b5fd17-d07a4dbf-9a41-4893-868e-23b452d8a89c-2022-07-11T15:47:57+01:00
The supplier link is exact, but the award remains buyer-published procurement data. BritDB requires the GB-COH identifier supplied in the Contracts Finder OCDS release and does not infer suppliers from similar names.
08 Ownership and control
People with significant control
Zellis Holdings Limited
- Owns 75% or more of shares
- Country registered
- England
- Legal authority
- England And Wales
- Legal form
- Company Limited By Shares
- Place registered
- Companies House
- Registration number
- 10975623
- Notified
- 27 March 2018
Rebus Human Resources Limited
- Owns 75% or more of shares
- Country registered
- England
- Legal authority
- Companies Act
- Legal form
- Limited By Shares
- Place registered
- Uk Companies House
- Registration number
- 00772321
- Notified
- 1 June 2017
- Ceased
- 1 February 2018
PSC records are company-filed public-register information. When the exact same displayed individual name occurs at multiple companies, BritDB offers a non-indexed cross-reference page. It is a name match only, not proof that the records describe the same person. Service addresses and partial dates of birth are deliberately omitted.
09 Charity register
Charity Commission links
No exact company-number link in this snapshot
The Charity Commission extract did not explicitly associate this Companies House number with a charity. BritDB does not use a name-only match to fill the gap.
This company-level check covers the Charity Commission for England and Wales. Links are accepted only when the official extract supplies this exact company registration number. Scottish charities now have separate OSCR profiles, but OSCR’s bulk fields do not provide a Companies House number, so BritDB does not infer a company link.
10 Northern Ireland charity register
CCNI exact company links
No unambiguous company-number link found
The CCNI source number did not resolve uniquely to this Companies House record. BritDB did not use a name or address match.
CCNI publishes company numbers without a jurisdiction prefix. BritDB links only when the plausible padded UK and NI candidates resolve to exactly one Companies House company.
11 Sanctions screening
UK Sanctions List
No exact business-registration-number link found
The imported UK Sanctions List did not supply this Companies House number as a UK-linked business identifier. BritDB did not attempt a name-only match.
No exact link is not sanctions clearance. UK restrictions can apply through ownership or control even where an entity is not separately named. Always use the current official list and obtain appropriate advice for a legally significant decision.
12 Public procurement
Find a Tender links
Payroll and HR Software
MERSEYRAIL ELECTRICS 2002 LIMITED · updated 11 September 2026
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
Resourcelink Renewal - read only (Zellis)
UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX(THE) · updated 1 July 2026
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
Provision of HR and Payroll Software
THE HARBOUR SCHOOLS PARTNERSHIP · updated 1 May 2026
- Tender value
- £750,000
- Awards
- 1
Procare Care Management System Support and Maintenance
South Eastern Health & Social Care Trust · updated 11 March 2026
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
T2672 - Provision of software, licensing, maintenance, support and upgrade of Corporate HR and Payroll System
Belfast City Council · updated 5 January 2026
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
Human Resources and Payroll Solution
South Oxfordshire District Council · updated 27 August 2024
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
The University of Cumbria HR system
University of Cumbria · updated 20 August 2024
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
HR & Payroll Application
Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service · updated 19 April 2024
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
HR & Payroll Integrated System
Durham County Council · updated 30 May 2023
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
HR & Payroll System
Royal Northern College Of Music · updated 21 February 2023
- Tender value
- Not supplied
- Awards
- 1
These links use only the GB-COH identifier supplied in the procurement record. A company may have other public-sector work that is absent, older, below publication thresholds or published without a Companies House identifier.
13 Environmental register
Environment Agency waste registrations
No exact company-number registration linked
The licensed Environment Agency subset did not contain this exact Companies House number. BritDB did not attempt a name-only match.
This is a privacy-reduced, exact-company subset. The full official register also includes sole traders and applicants without a matching Companies House number. Check the current Environment Agency register before relying on registration status.
14 Nature of business
Standard Industrial Classification
Data processing, hosting and related activities
15 Connected public record
Checks beyond the company register
Charity Commission
0 exact company-number links.
Northern Ireland charities
0 unambiguous company-number links.
Public contracts
10 procurement processes linked by exact GB-COH identifier.
Waste register
0 exact company-number registrations.
Corporate notices
The Gazette is not yet connected.
UK Sanctions List
No exact business-registration-number link in this report.
A checked source with no exact link is not a clean bill of health. Unchecked sources remain unknown, while sanctions may also apply through ownership or control of a listed person or entity.
16 Record timeline
Dates in the bulk record
- Confirmation statement
Latest confirmation statement made up to this date
- Accounts
Latest accounts made up to this date
- Company name
Previous name: NORTHGATEARINSO UK LIMITED
- Company name
Previous name: NORTHGATE HR LIMITED
- Incorporation
Company incorporated
17 Provenance
Sources for this profile
Identity, address, status, dates, SIC, previous names and mortgage totals.
Annual employer reports linked by the exact source-supplied Companies House number.
Statutory supplier-payment reports linked by the exact source-supplied Companies House number.
Annual statement summaries linked by exact source company number.
Privacy-reduced candidate associations based on a unique exact name-and-postcode match.
Historic awards linked by exact source-supplied GB-COH company identifier.
Current and ceased significant-control records joined by exact company number.
Daily England and Wales extract matched only by the official company registration number.
Daily CCNI export with company links only where the source number resolves unambiguously.
Complete FCDO list checked by exact UK-linked business registration number.
Procurement parties checked only through exact GB-COH identifiers.
Licensed subset linked only by exact Companies House number.
Financial regulation and licences.
Companies House, Charity Commission, OSCR and UK Sanctions List information is public-register data. BritDB reproduces and organises it with source-specific limits; official external links are kept on the dedicated source pages.